Bahasa yang membeku: Foregrounding dan kritik sosial dalam puisi ‘2000 Taht Al-Sifr’ karya Nizar Qabbani Frozen language: Foregrounding and social critique in 2000 Taht al-Sifr by Nizar Qabbani
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the linguistic structure in the poem 2000 Taht al-Sifr by Nizar Qabbani using the foregrounding theory approach. The main focus of this study is on the techniques of repetition and linguistic deviation used by the poet to create aesthetic effects and convey ideological meaning. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a textual analysis approach. Data were collected through literature study and close reading of the poem, then analyzed based on grammatical deviations and recurring linguistic patterns. The results show that the static repetition found in the poem creates a sense of stagnation and emotional impasse, while linguistic deviations, including extreme metaphors and unconventional syntax, generate symbolic tension that reflects social alienation and political crisis after the defeat of the Arab world in 1967. Foregrounding in this poem not only enhances the poetic expression but also functions as a form of critique of the socio-political condition. These findings indicate that linguistic elements in poetry play a crucial role in constructing meanings that go beyond aesthetic expression.
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Toppo, A. A., Ramadhan, I., & Agussalim, A. (2025). Bahasa yang membeku: Foregrounding dan kritik sosial dalam puisi ‘2000 Taht Al-Sifr’ karya Nizar Qabbani . Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 8(3), 679-692. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v8i3.1344
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Al Shbail, A. O. (2019). The expressive energy of Arabic through metaphors: Linguistic and stylistic. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.7176/jlll/62-06
Amanda, U. R., & Walidin, M. (2022). Gaya bahasa figuratif dalam syair Ana Ma’a Al–Irhab (Aku Bersama Terorisme) karya Niizar Taufik Qabbani. Diwan: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab, 14(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.15548/diwan.v14i1.700
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Badawi, M. M. (1975). A critical introduction to modern Arabic poetry. Cambridge University Press.
Boullata, I. J. (2012). Dekonstruksi tradisi: Gelegar pemikiran Arab Islam (revisi). LKiS.
Financial Times. (2024, Agustus). The Middle East’s problems extend far beyond Gaza. Financial Times.
Fitriyah, H. A. (2023). Analisis sosial dalam puisi “Aku Bersaksi Tiada Perempuan Selain Engkau” karya Nizar Qabbani. [Tesis, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya].
Hamzah, M., & Barrunnawa, M. (2021). Representasi keresahan Mahmoud Darwish dalam puisi al-Sijn: Kajian semiotik Riffaterre. Al-Ma‘rifah: Jurnal Budaya, Bahasa, dan Sastra Arab, 18(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.21009/almakrifah.18.01.03
Harsaid, Y., Anwar, M., & Rohman, S. (2024). Pedagogi kritis materi teks deskripsi pada buku teks bahasa Indonesia fase F (analisis wacana kritis). Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 7(4), 623–636. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v7i4.1053
Ismaidini, S. A., Febriani, A. N., & Harahap, S. H. (2024). Analisis karya sastra dengan menggunakan teori strukturalisme: Puisi “Ibu” Chairil Anwar. IJEDR: Indonesian Journal of Education and Development Research, 2(1), 346–353.
Jariyah, F. A., & Prihatin, Y. (2024). Suara sunyi dan sajak yang berbicara: Analisis semiotika puisi “Aku dan Sunyi” dan “Kepada Sajakku.” Sastranesia: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa & Sastra Indonesia, 12, 32–46. https://doi.org/10.32682/sastranesia.v12i1.3543
Khalidi, R. (2020). The hundred years’ war on Palestine: A history of settler colonialism and resistance, 1917-2017. Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt and Company.
Kristianto, D. (2018). Eksistensialisme tokoh utama dalam cerpen di Joyoboyo Penyair Berteman Sunyi karya Eko Darmoko. BÉBASAN, 5(1), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.26499/bebasan.v5i1.67
Makhmudah, I., & Maharani, N. I. A. (2018). Analisis struktural puisi Ila Tugatui Al-Alam karya Abu Qasim As-Syabi. International Conference of Students on Arabic Language, 2, 359–372. https://prosiding.arab-um.com/index.php/semnasbama/article/view/209
Mizan, A. N. (2017). Kompleksitas penggunaan gaya bahasa dalam antologi puisi “Sayabqa Al-Hubb Sayyidi” karya Nizar Qabbani (Analisis Stilistika) [Tesis, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta].
Mukarovský, J. (2015). Aesthetic function, norm and value as social facts (Excerpts). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 7(2), 283–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/17561310.2015.1049476
Nafi’ah, I. Z., & Sugiarti. (2019). Analisis teknik defamiliarisasi dalam novel Akar karya Dewi Lestari. Madah: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 10(2), 149–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/madah.v10i2.886
Narinda, M., & Syahla, A. A. (2025). Analisis makna simbolik puisi Aku karya Chairil Anwar. Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.60155/jbs.v12i1.503
Nugraha, S., & Sofian, N. I. (2023). Repetisi dan paralelisme dalam puisi “Suatu senja tanpa lampu-lampu Semanggi (Kita anak negeri)” karya Rieke Diah Pitaloka. Jurnal Bastra, 8(3), 399–408. https://doi.org/10.36709/bastra.v8i3.246
Nurwansyah, A. (2024). Nizar Qabbani and the political turmoil in the Middle East: A critical discourse analysis of the poem Hawāmisy alā Daftar al-Naksah. Contemporary Society and Politics Journal, 3(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.32939/cspj.v3i1.4102
Rivai, M. I. (2024). Perjuangan Palestina dalam puisi Ṭarīqun Wāhidun karya Nizar Qabbani (Analisis semiotik). Kitabina: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab, 5(1), 23–40. http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/KitabinaBSA
Said, E. W. (1994). Culture and imperialism. Vintage Books.
Sari, B. A. N., & Andriyanto, O. D. (2024). Tindakan berorientasi nilai agama dalam novel Ngrangsang Lintange Luku karya Narko “Sodrun” Budiman (Kajian sosiologi sastra: Tindakan sosial Max Weber). BLAZE: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra dalam Pendidikan Linguistik dan Pengembangan, 2, 170–187. https://doi.org/10.59841/blaze.v2i3.1535
Sari, N. A. (2020). Bentuk-bentuk penyimpangan dalam novel Kiat Sukses Hancur Lebur karya Martin Suryajaya: Kajian stilistika. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 3(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v3i2.34
Sharabi, H. (1988). Neopatriarchy: A theory of distorted change in Arab society. Oxford University Press.
Syamsiyah, N., & Rosita, F. Y. (2020). Gaya bahasa dalam kumpulan puisi “Dear You” karya Moammar Emka. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v3i1.27
Teeuw, A. (2015). Sastra dan ilmu sastra: Pengantar teori sastra. Pustaka Jaya.
Trisiana, D., Ansas, V. N., & Lubis, A. H. (2024). Analisis metafora konseptual dalam puisi Indonesia dan Korea karya Chairil Anwar dan Seo Jeong-ju. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 7(3), 465–476. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v7i3.1001
Wellek, R., & Warren, A. (2014). Teori kesusastraan (M. Budianta, Trans.; Cetakan kelima). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
البنا, م., & شنوان, ي. (2024). التكرار وأثرُه في التحوُّل الدلاليّ في شعر سليم بركات: “الجمهرات” و “المعجم” أنموذجَين. مجلة كلية الآداب - جامعة القاهرة, 84(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.21608/jarts.2024.271873.1445